April 10, 2026

Vital Path Care

Together for Your Health

Mental health trajectories of adolescents treated with psychotropic medications: insights from the european milestone study

Mental health trajectories of adolescents treated with psychotropic medications: insights from the european milestone study
  • Blakemore SJ. Adolescence and mental health. Lancet. 2019;393:2030–1.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Galván A. Adolescence, brain maturation and mental health. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20:503–4.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod KB, Brownlie EB. Mental health and transitions from adolescence to emerging adulthood: developmental and diversity considerations. Can J Community Ment Health. 2014;33:77–86.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore SJ, Mills KL. Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annu Rev Psychol. 2014;65:187–207.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin J, Guo W. The research on risk factors for adolescents’ mental health. Behav Sci. 2024;14:263.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco R, Camilleri N, Eberhardt J, Umla-Runge K, Newbury-Birch D A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Europe. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;1–18.

  • Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual research review: a meta‐analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56:345–65.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovess-Masfety V, Husky MM, Keyes K, Hamilton A, Pez O, Bitfoi A, et al. Comparing the prevalence of mental health problems in children 6-11 across Europe. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51:1093–103.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain MM, Nesa F, Das J, Aggad R, Tasnim S, Bairwa M, et al. Global burden of mental health problems among children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review. Psychiatry Res. 2022;317:114814.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheiner C, Grashoff J, Kleindienst N, Buerger A. Mental disorders at the beginning of adolescence: prevalence estimates in a sample aged 11-14 years. Public Health Pract. 2022;4:100348.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Seker S, Boonmann C, d’Huart D, Bürgin D, Schmeck K, Jenkel N, et al. Mental disorders into adulthood among adolescents placed in residential care: A prospective 10-year follow-up study. Eur Psychiatry. 2022;65:e40.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G, et al. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:281–95.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath JJ, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Altwaijri Y, Andrade LH, Bromet EJ, et al. Age of onset and cumulative risk of mental disorders: a cross-national analysis of population surveys from 29 countries. Lancet Psychiatry. 2023;10:668–81.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smogur M, Onesanu A, Plessen KJ, Eap CB, Ansermot N. Psychotropic drug prescription in children and adolescents: approved medications in European countries and the United States. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2022;32:80–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearns GL, Abdel-Rahman SM, Alander SW, Blowey DL, Leeder JS, Kauffman RE. Developmental pharmacology-drug disposition, action, and therapy in infants and children. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1157–67.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickx G, De Roeck V, Maras A, Dieleman G, Gerritsen S, Purper-Ouakil D, et al. Challenges during the transition from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services. BJPsych Bull. 2020;44:163–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Paul M, Ford T, Kramer T, Weaver T. Transitions of care from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services (TRACK Study): a study of protocols in greater London. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:135.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reneses B, Escudero A, Tur N, Agüera-Ortiz L, Moreno DM, Saiz-Ruiz J, et al. The black hole of the transition process: dropout of care before transition age in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023;32:1285–95.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Tuomainen H, Girolamo Gde, Maras A, Santosh P, McNicholas F, et al. Protocol for a cohort study of adolescent mental health service users with a nested cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of managed transition in improving transitions from child to adult mental health services (the MILESTONE study). BMJ Open. 2017;7:e016055.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Avanzo B, Lovaglio P, Parabiaghi A, Conti P, Frigerio A, Molteni M, et al. Health of the nation outcome scales for children and adolescents (HoNOSCA): psychometric properties of the Italian version. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;94:340–6.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gowers SG, Harrington RC, Whitton A, Beevor A, Lelliott P, Jezzard R, et al. Health of the nation outcome scales for children and adolescents (HoNOSCA). glossary for HoNOSCA score sheet. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:428–31.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.; 2001.

  • Achenbach TM, Rescorla L Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families. 2000.

  • Schneider LC, Struening EL, Elmer Struening TL SLOF: a behavioral rating scale for assessing the mentally ill. 1983. http://swra.oxfordjournals.org/.

  • Mucci A, Rucci P, Rocca P, Bucci P, Gibertoni D, Merlotti E, et al. The specific level of functioning scale: construct validity, internal consistency and factor structure in a large Italian sample of people with schizophrenia living in the community. Schizophr Res. 2014;159:144–50.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • de Girolamo G, Rucci P, Scocco P, Becchi A, Coppa F, D’Addario A, et al. Quality of life assessment: validation of the italian version of the WHOQOL-Brief. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 2000;9:45–55.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolke D, Sapouna M. Big men feeling small: childhood bullying experience, muscle dysmorphia and other mental health problems in bodybuilders. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2008;9:595–604.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Busner J, Targum SD. The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice. Psychiatry. 2007;4:28–37.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of statistical software. 2011;45:1–67.

  • Singh SP, Tuomainen H, Bouliotis G, Canaway A, De Girolamo G, Dieleman GC, et al. Effect of managed transition on mental health outcomes for young people at the child-adult mental health service boundary: a randomised clinical trial. Psychol Med. 2023;53:2193–204.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith SW, Hauben M, Aronson JK. Paradoxical and bidirectional drug effects. Drug Saf. 2012;35:173–89.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Olfson M, He JP, Merikangas KR. Psychotropic medication treatment of adolescents: results from the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52:378–88.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Altuwairqi Y. Trends and prevalence of psychotropic medication use in children and adolescents in the period between 2013 and 2023: a systematic review. Cureus. 2024;16:e55452.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin R, Gould MS, Blanco C, Olfson M. Prescription of psychotropic medications to youths in office-based practice. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52:1081–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown TL, Gutierrez PM, Grunwald GK, DiGuiseppi C, Valuck RJ, Anderson HD. Access to psychotropic medication via prescription is associated with choice of psychotropic medication as suicide method: a retrospective study of 27,876 suicide attempts. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018;79:16348.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Clavenna A, Cartabia M, Sequi M, Costantino MA, Bortolotti A, Fortino I, et al. Burden of psychiatric disorders in the pediatric population. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;23:98–106.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Beharie N, Scheidell JD, Quinn K, McGorray S, Vaddiparti K, Kumar PC, et al. Associations of adolescent exposure to severe violence with substance use from adolescence into adulthood: direct versus indirect exposures. Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54:191–202.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsen W, Karevold EB, Kaasbøll J, Kjeldsen A. Nuancing the role of social skills- a longitudinal study of early maternal psychological distress and adolescent depressive symptoms. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18:133.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurenssen EMP, Hutsebaut J, Feenstra DJ, Van Busschbach JJ, Luyten P. Diagnosis of personality disorders in adolescents: a study among psychologists. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2013;7:3.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrenkohl TI, Kosterman R, Hawkins JD, Mason WA. Effects of growth in family conflict in adolescence on adult depressive symptoms: mediating and moderating effects of stress and school bonding. J Adolesc Health. 2009;44:146–52.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehusmaa J, Ruotsalainen H, Männikkö N, Alakokkare AE, Niemelä M, Jääskeläinen E, et al. The association between the social environment of childhood and adolescence and depression in young adulthood – a prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2022;305:37–46.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Paul M, Ford T, Kramer T, Weaver T, McLaren S, et al. Process, outcome and experience of transition from child to adult mental healthcare: multiperspective study. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197:305–12.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragnhildstveit A, Tuteja N, Seli P, Smart L, Uzun N, Bass LC, et al. Transitions from child and adolescent to adult mental health services for eating disorders: an in-depth systematic review and development of a transition framework. J Eat Disord. 2024;12:36.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill A, Wilde S, Tickle A. Review: transition from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS): a meta-synthesis of parental and professional perspectives. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2019;24:295–306.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • link

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    Copyright © All rights reserved. | Newsphere by AF themes.